Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Clinical Psychology Essays

Clinical Psychology Essays Clinical Psychology Essay Clinical Psychology Essay Clinical Psychology Name: Course: Date: Date: Clinical Psychology Numerous individuals face issues and testing circumstances when they are at their juvenile stage. This is on the grounds that the stage is a progress among adulthood and youth. Young people have held a few components of their youth, and simultaneously, they want to advance to adulthood. Young people experience physical just as passionate changes during this time (DiClemente et al., 2009). The progressions that occur in the social passionate arrangement of the cerebrum add to hazard taking conduct in youths. Numerous young people take part in conduct that more seasoned grown-ups would not consider doing. They are bound to take part in substance and liquor use, just as other hazardous practices, for example, quick driving and participating in outrageous games. This is a result of the distinctions in the development of the brain’s intellectual control framework. Young people have an immature pre-frontal cortex. This piece of the cerebrum is liable for practicing restraint and thi nking, among different abilities. As individuals become more established, their intellectual control framework creates. This framework manages the drive control, along these lines upgrades a person’s capacity to self-direct (Steinberg, 2008). Other than mental health, different factors, for example, peer impact and child rearing add to an adolescent’s level of hazard taking practices. Youths want to feel acknowledged by their companions. They are bound to be impacted by peer pressure contrasted with different gatherings. This craving is some of the time so solid, to the degree that teenagers are eager to take part in anything with the goal that they can be acknowledged in their groups. Firmly identified with peer-impact is the adolescents’ conviction of a fanciful crowd. Teenagers will in general feel that others are engrossed with them, as far as their conduct and appearance. This leads them to live as though they are acting before a group of people. They will search for approaches to pull in their crowd at their own cost. Numerous young people build up the individual tale conviction, which drives them to feel that nothing incorrectly can transpire. They feel that they are one of a kind or unique here and there, and this leads them to excuse the outcomes of the difficulties and dangers that they face throughout everyday life. Teenagers may know the outcome s of taking part in unsafe practices, yet they will in general feel that they won't endure similar results. They feel that they are able and sufficient, and they are in this way not powerless against a portion of the dangers they take. The convictions of individual tales and fanciful crowd are the principle components that add to chance taking practices in young people (Galanaki, 2012). Some hazard taking practices among young people is risky and it has antagonistic outcomes. There is high mortality revealed among teenagers and individuals in the mid twenties. These passings happen due to taking part in fierce acts that lead to injury or demise, for example, engine vehicle mishaps, utilizing medications and liquor, which prompts expanded street mishaps, and participating in unsafe sexual conduct. The craving that teenagers need to fit in with their friends can once in a while lead to unfortunate eating designs. In spite of this, a few impacts of dangerous conduct have positive outcomes. Indeed, numerous individuals consider chance accepting conduct among young people as a typical procedure, which is vital forever. Teenagers may take part in certain practices that add to them learning new aptitudes and gaining new information, which may profit them in future (OPA, 2009). A great many people get the chance to become familiar with their gifts and practice them when the y are youths. Taking part in hazard taking conduct empowers the young people to find out about themselves and find their own character. They additionally get familiar with others and about the world, empowering them to work and coordinate better with others. This information is fundamental forever in light of the fact that it readies the youths for the different world.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Biotechnology In Food Essay Research Paper REG free essay sample

Biotechnology In Food Essay, Research Paper REG MITCHELL # 8217 ; s guard component of # 8220 ; Frankenfoods # 8221 ; # 8212 ; hereditarily designed ( GE ) ranch stocks # 8212 ; in his Oct. 9 article # 8220 ; Alleged Frankenfoods have no a bigger number of pathogens than are found in nature # 8221 ; is a rehash of the mantra we hear day by day from the planetary companies that rule farming biotechnology. His main point is by all accounts that since life swarms with risks of grouped sorts ( malignancy actuating components in the earth, the peril of being hit by a truck ) we shouldn # 8217 ; t be worried about the chance of adding another to the rundown. He recommends biotechnology is a relentless world, with half of U.S. soya beans planted this twelvemonth to GE seeds, each piece great as half of Canada # 8217 ; s canola reap. He could hold included the enormous land zones of hereditarily altered ( GM ) cotton, maize and murphies turning in North America this twelvemonth. Such gathers are required to treble in utilization worldwide in the accompanying not many mature ages, he composes. We will compose a custom article test on Biotechnology In Food Essay Research Paper REG or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The projections cited by Prof. Mitchell may non occur. The European Union will non acknowledge GM stocks, and this is doing horrendous selling occupations for North American husbandmans. It is going clear we can non constrain Europeans to take such stocks, despite the fact that Canada and the U.S. are using the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) trying to make so. Most enormous European and British grocery store ironss have expelled GE stocks from their racks, and the biggest European supplement processors ( Nestle and Unilever ) will no longer use GM stocks. This is being reflected in the market # 8212 ; non-GM supplements are presently selling at a higher financial incentive than hereditarily changed harvests. What's more, there is a scramble by husbandmans to happen non-GM seed for seting following twelvemonth # 8212 ; there may non be bounty to run into the lifting request. Mitchell reveals to us GM harvests will chop down the use of weedkillers and creepy crawly powders. Indeed, the general purpose of GM soybean and canola is to let any total of Monsanto # 8217 ; s weed executioner # 8220 ; Roundup # 8221 ; to be splashed on them without hurting the reap. Biotech enterprises have designed the obviously happening Bt bug powder into each cell of harvests of murphies, maize and cotton, despite the fact that they know this assurances Bt will be futile in an extremely barely any mature ages as creepy crawlies impervious to it rapidly increase. Natural agriculturists will hold lost the solitary creepy crawly powder they are permitted to use. What's more, late research has indicated dust gliding from a maize reap into which Bt has been built will execute non-target species, for example, the Monarch butterfly. # 8220 ; Genetic impulse # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; familial contamination # 8221 ; into non-GM harvests or weedy relations is ending up being substantially more overall and its derivations more genuine than biotech investigate laborers anticipated. Mitchell says familial innovation can be required to help feed an eager universe. This regular case of the biotechnology business is significantly despised in creating states, where it # 8217 ; s notable the existent reasons for eagerness are need and uncalled for supplement dispersion. In any case, most GE harvests produce less supplement than do ordinary seeds †around seven percent lower in the occasion of the 1998 U.S. soybean reap. In a curiously baronial part to the lightening of universe craving, the biotech business projects to offer husbandmans seeds that bite the dust subsequent to bring forthing one collect, constraining them to come back to the organization for new, costly seed every twelvemonth. # 8220 ; To satisfy specialists law, such reaps are carefully tried to discover peril, # 8221 ; composes Mitchell. Without a doubt he realizes that, truth be told, no exploration has been done wherever on the result of GE supplements on universes. The British Medical Association has cautioned the U.K. specialists non bounty is thought about these supplements to let them available. In Canada, by the by, we have received the way of thinking of # 8220 ; critical equity # 8221 ; # 8212 ; on the off chance that it would seem that a murphy it is a murphy, and no farther inquiries are important. Prof. Mitchell encourages us to search out the Health Canada Web webpage so as to be guaranteed of the wellbeing of # 8220 ; novel supplements, # 8221 ; as hereditarily adjusted stocks are called. That # 8217 ; s a decent recommendation # 8212 ; at the site, you will happen that an organization wishing to advertise a # 8220 ; novel supplement # 8221 ; need non look for gift from Health Canada. It has essentially to educate the area concerning its motivations 45 yearss before selling the product, alongside informations guaranting its wellbeing. Wellbeing Canada can ask for more data on the off chance that it wishes. What's more, that # 8217 ; s it # 8212 ; there is no demonstrating of such supplements in open research labs. On the off chance that a free researcher ( Prof. Mitchell, for delineation ) wished to investigate that data, he would hold to use the opportunity of data method to get it, and even so it would simply be discharged if the enterprise in request concurred. In the logical method, look into laborers normally distribute their results so collaborators around the universe can confirm or disprove their outcomes, or use them as a springboard from which to press the work farther. In biotech look into, the call to arms is mystery. You wear # 8217 ; t print without corporate authorization, and you unquestionably wear # 8217 ; t print whatever may think about horribly the product the organization is driving. There are surveies demoing corporate help is an extremely efficacious way of guaranting exploration will be positive for the belittling organization # 8217 ; s stocks. At long last, there is the effect of familial innovation on present day farming. The stocks of GE require high-input, high-capital activities, and are intended to ease enormous scope, nonstop trimming monocultures. This is the direct opposite of manageable agribusiness in which reap revolving movements, care of earth development and birthrate, and normal bug control techniques are esteemed. Biotechnology in agribusiness is, of class, the antonym of natural agribusiness, and open worries about it will surge the effectively remarkable expansion sought after for natural green merchandise.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Hippolytus - Role Of Greek Gods Essays - Hippolytus, Theseus, Operas

Hippolytus - Role of Greek Gods The play Hippolytus by the Greek dramatist Euripides is one which investigates old style Greek religion. All through the play, the impact of the divine beings on the activities of the characters is obvious, particularly when Aphrodite influences the activities of Phaedra. Likewise focal to the plot is the god-god cooperations among Artemis and Aphrodite. In this article, I would like to give answers to how the activities of Hippolytus and Phaedra identify with the divine beings, regardless of whether the characters fret about the response of the divine beings to their conduct, what the characters anticipate from the divine beings, how the divine beings treat the people, and whether the divine beings gain anything from making the people endure. Before we can talk about the play, notwithstanding, a couple of terms should be characterized. Most significant would be the idea of the divine beings. They have divine forces, yet what precisely makes the Greek divine beings extraordinary ought to be investigated. The Greek divine beings, since they are human, have huge numbers of indistinguishable attributes from people. One attribute of the divine beings which is obvious is desire. Aphrodite is by all accounts envious of Artemis in light of the fact that Hippolytus venerates Artemis as the best of all divine beings, while he will in general avoid revering Aphrodite (10-16). This is significant in light of the fact that it gets under way the activities of the play at the point when Aphrodite chooses to seek retribution on Hippolytus. The awesome connection between the divine beings is somewhat unique, notwithstanding. Over the course of the play, Artemis doesn't meddle in the activities of Aphrodite, which shows that the divine beings, while divine, do have limitations; for this situation, it shows the divine beings can't meddle with one another. (1328-1330) The divine beings are at times malevolent and vindictive, however, as can seen by what Artemis needs to state about Aphrodite: I'll hold up till she adores a human next time, and with this hand - with these unerring bolts I'll rebuff him. (1420-1422) The relationship of humanity and the divine beings likewise should be talked about. This relationship is by all accounts a kind of compromise relationship, to a limited extent. The Greeks accepted that on the off chance that they provided for the divine beings, through petition and forfeits, that the divine beings would support them out. This is particularly valid for Hippolytus and his practically exorbitant love of Artemis. Likewise, Theseus going to his dad Poseidon is another case of this, lone Theseus really gets what he appeals to God for. (887-890) Just in light of the fact that humankind adored the divine beings, anyway didn't imply that the divine beings had any kind of commitment to assist the people. Artemis did nothing to shield Hippolytus from being executed. Be that as it may, not all relations between the divine beings and humanity were sure from the people's point of view. Since Aphrodite is irate with Hippolytus for not adoring her, she chooses to rebuff him by making Phaedra love him, at that point causing it to appear that he assaults her, when she really hangs herself, regardless of whether that is through her own activities or is the doing of Aphrodite. The musings and activities of Hippolytus and Phaedra surely are nonsensical now and again. All things considered, a stepmother becoming hopelessly enamored with her stepson is far-fetched, however presumably even less worthy. This is legitimately identified with the divine beings. What Aphrodite does to Phaedra surely makes her do some weird things. For example, first Phaedra appears to go insane, and afterward she chooses to conceal her recently discovered love for Hippolytus from the medical attendant. Afterward, however, she chooses to tell the nurture, and when she finds that the medical attendant has told Hippolytus, chooses that the main consistent game-plan is to murder herself. This activity is absolutely identified with the divine beings since Aphrodite makes it look as though Phaedra's self destruction is actually the deficiency of Hippolytus. Some of Hippolytus' activities are identified with the divine beings too. At the point when Theseus finds that Phaedra is dead and chooses to banish Hippolytus, Hippolytus objects to his expulsion, however inevitably he stops contending with his dad. Now, he implores the divine beings that he be slaughtered estranged abroad in the event that he is liable of the passing of Phaedra. It is moreover conceivable he might be anticipating that Artemis should get him out, however she does nothing until he is nearly demise. The characters do stress

Saturday, May 30, 2020

Story about Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Introduction â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear; Beauty too rich for sure, for earth too dear!†(Shakespeare Act 1 Sc.5) Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, chronicles the life of two fictional characters known as Romeo and Juliet. Both characters often experience lots of loving connections towards one another. Throughout a series of close readings, Shakespeare reveals that Romeo and Juliet do not love each other because they seek love as a way to distract themselves from their mediocre lives, seek physical beauty above anything else, and their love is dominated by carnal temptation. Shakespeare introduced the idea that Romeo and Juliet love each other out of ‘dissatisfaction’ with their own lives. Act 1 Scene 4/5 of the text states, â€Å"[Love] is too rough, too rude, too rowdy, and it pricks like a thorn.†(Shakespeare) Romeo states this when Capulet â€Å"will not stay the siege of loving terms. O, she is rich in beauty, only poor, That when she dies with beauty dies her store,†(Shakespeare) as stated in Act 1 Scene 1. Romeo could not get Rosaline to love him back, therefore Benvolio advises to put the ‘old flame’ out to get over Rosaline. In other words, Benvolio advises Romeo to find a new lover to cure his sadness when he states in Act 1 Scene 2, â€Å"One pain is lessen’d by another’s anguish.†(Shakespeare) This causes Romeo to begin to love Juliet as he sees her at Capulet’s party to put out the ‘old flames.’ Romeo began to love Juliet because he was dissatisfied about how he couldn’t find love in Rosaline, therefore he replaced her. Thereafter, Lady Capulet states to Juliet in Act 1 Scene 3, â€Å"Examine every married lineament, And see how one another lends content and what obscured in this fair volume liesThis precious book of loveby having him, make yourself no less.†(Shakespeare) Juliet is pressured by Lady Capulet to find love at her party. Therefore, Juliet began to love Romeo since she was pressured. The two characters do not love each other truly since they have only seen each other from a distance. Romeo loves Juliet because he was dissatisfied that he couldn’t score Rosaline, and Juliet loves Romeo because she was pressured to find love by Lady Capulet. Shakespeare begins to develop a new idea that Romeo and Juliet are only attracted to each other physically. Romeo sees Benvolio and Mercutio as role models when it comes to love. Benvolio advises Romeo on how to get over Rosaline while Mercutio is more straightforward with this advice. Mercutio advises Romeo to cure himself of love by having sex. Act 2 Scene 2 states, â€Å" The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in Heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! O, I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch her cheek.†(Shakespeare) Romeo believes Juliet is far more beautiful than a moon in the night sky. However, he believes virginity makes her look sick. Only fools hold on to their virginity! Let it go!, Romeo cries. He listens to Mercutio’s advice and begins to love her physically. He wants to have sex with her to get over Rosaline. Thereafter, Juliet states in Act 3 Scene 2, â€Å"And bring in cloudy night immediately. Spread thy close curtain, love-performing night, That runaway’s eyes may wink and Romeo Leap to these arm. Come, civil nightGive me my Romeo†¦ .†(Shakespeare) Juliet feels the same way towards Romeo. Juliet wants to also have sex with Romeo at night even though he has not taken possession of her yet. Juliet wants to make love in the dark to submit her husband Romeo. Both Romeo and Juliet love each other physically and want to have sex with one another. Romeo and Juliet’s love is dominated by ‘carnal temptations’ over authentic love because they love one another for their body physical features. Romeo states in Act 1 Scene 5, â€Å"Beauty too rich for sure for earth too dear! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night.†(Shakespeare) Romeo is absolutely stunned with Juliet’s beauty. That catches his eye first when he sees her. He describes how her beauty is so magnificent that its too good for earth to dear. Romeo is in love with Juliet because of her physical beauty. On the other hand, Juliet states in Act 3 Scene 2, â€Å"let me, a shy virgin, learn the strange act of sex so that it seems trueRomeo will come leap into my arms and no one will know.†(Shakespeare) Later in the story Juliet states, â€Å"I’m not thankful for the man you’ve chosen for me.†(Shakespeare Act 3 Sc.5) Juliet is in love with Romeo which is dominated with ‘carnal temptations.’ S he wants Romeo for sex and marriage which does not represent true love. Juliet’s family does not believe Romeo is the right man for her to marry since their families are rivals. Her family wants her to marry Count Paris, who Juliet does not love. Juliet’s family insults her and claims Juliet was a no good curse. She states how she wants to make love with Romeo in the dark. In other words, she wants Romeo to help her lose her virginity. Both characters, Romeo and Juliet, have a love connection which is dominated by ‘carnal temptations’ over true love. Conclusion   In conclusion, Shakespeare’s story characters, Romeo and Juliet, go through a series of love scenes. They experience both exuberant and depressing moments throughout the story, revealing to the reader that their love is false, not true. Through Shakespeare’s unique story, the reader is shown that both characters love each other for the wrong reasons: out of dissatisfaction, physical beauty, and carnal temptation. Perhaps they are sending a message to the reader to question themselves when they believe they are ‘in love’ and what they are willing to do for their love.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

How Video Games Help Kids In School - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 855 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Entertainment Essay Level High school Tags: Video Games Essay Did you like this example? Get off that game already! a phrase that I have heard in my home many times for my endless hours of gaming with friends from around the globe. We all know that the negative view of video gaming has increased over the years. One does not hear often of the benefits that gaming for hours has on a students learning. Whereas individuals feel that playing video games is bad, gaming has its benefits as it helps students with cognitive, social, emotional and non-cognitive skill development. So many individuals believe that gaming does not promote intellectual play. However, an assistant professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin by the name of David Williamson Shaffer argues that by stating that playing video games can improve cognitive skills (Boulanger, Amy). According to a review of research on the positive effects of video game play published by the American Psychological Association, it was found that violent shooter games boost child rens learning, health and social skills (American Psychological Association). Gaming works on the skill of short and long-term memory by having a player know the rules of the game in addition to mastering the keys on the keyboard to allow for quick maneuvering of moves (Eugenio, Sheila). In addition, Shaffer states that the playing of games helps kids work with problem-solving skills by requiring a player to search, negotiate, and plan approaches to allow them to advance to a higher level of play (Boulanger, Amy). James Gee an education professor at the University of Wisconsin states that if used properly, video and computer games have the ability to inspire learning. He states that games take numerous hours of intense concentration to complete levels this builds on attention span. In addition, he states that even children with a diagnosis of ADHD who cannot sit still in a classroom setting can spend numerous hours concentrating on the game at hand. (Sohn, Emily) Where many pa rents like mine feel that the playing of video games is an isolating activity. However, gaming actually can help students in the area of social and emotional development. I personally have made many friends through gaming. Cheryl K. Olson, a professor of child development from Massachusetts General Hospital conducted a study where she found that the playing of video games creates a common ground for students to make friends (Olson Sc.D., Cheryl). In recent studies, it was found that only 20 percent of gamers play alone. In many games, players work together as a team to achieve a goal, compete against others or both. Due to being on a team with others, this puts them in a situation where they must communicate with each other to complete the level at hand. This in turn, promotes social development, which with good social skills a student is more likely to have a high self-esteem, good peer relationships and achieve in school. In addition, they will also be more likely to have a suc cessful marriage and career (Loo, Kara). In evaluating the emotional benefits of video games lead to the study of emotion regulation. In addition to positive emotions that are beneficial to a student playing video games were those of frustration, anger, anxiety, and sadness (Granic, Isabela, et al). Another area where gamers benefit is that of leadership and motivation. When gamers play in groups, they are taking turns leading and following, depending on who has specific skills needed in a particular game. Nick Yee of the Palo Alto Research Center showed through his studies that teens who gamed in groups online felt they had gained leadership skills such as persuading and motivating others and mediating any disputes among each other (Olson Sc.D., Cheryl). Lastly, gaming has the ability to improve non-cognitive skills for students including patience, discipline, and empathy; these are skills that are not taught in a classroom anywhere. Gamers learn patience and discipline in games by making a choice of not abandoning the game when they are faced with negative performance during play (Marklin, Brittany) Learning to have empathy is extremely important but also difficult. Researchers at UC Berkeley found empathy and compassion are a cornerstone of a happy, meaningful life in addition to building blocks of morality and reduce prejudice and racism (Loo, Kara). Some games allow a player to grapple with sensitive issues in an environment free from social pressure or fear of any consequences. Then when a student is in a similar situation in the real world, they find it easier to figure it out and make excellent choices (Loo, Kara). The act of playing video games is not all bad; gaming has its benefits as it helps students with cognitive, social, emotional and non-cognitive skill development. For those students that are gamers the numerous hours of gaming offers many benefits that are very beneficial not only in school but in life in general. Gaming has been prove n to aid in the development of building memory and problem-solving skills; it teaches leadership, motivation, patience, discipline, and empathy. The most important for me and many others is the opportunity to develop socialization skills; which can lead to long-lasting friendships. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Video Games Help Kids In School" essay for you Create order How Video Games Help Kids In School - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 962 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/06 Category Entertainment Essay Level High school Tags: Video Games Essay Did you like this example? Get off that game already! a phrase that I have heard in my home many times for my endless hours of gaming with friends from around the globe. We all know that the negative view of video gaming has increased over the years. One does not hear often of the benefits that gaming for hours has on a students learning. Whereas individuals feel that playing video games is bad, gaming has its benefits as it helps students with cognitive, social, emotional and non-cognitive skill development. So many individuals in all professions believe that gaming is just a source of entertainment that can become addictive to children and does not promote any type of intellectual play. However, an assistant professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin by the name of David Williamson Shaffer argues that by stating that playing video games can improve cognitive skills (Boulanger, Amy). According to a review of research on the positive effects of video game pl ay published by the American Psychological Association, it was found that violent shooter games boost childrens learning, health and social skills. It also stated that the more children games, such as role playing games, they more they improved in developing problem-solving skills (American Psychological Association). Gaming works on the skill of short and long-term memory by having a player know the rules of the game in addition to mastering the keys on the keyboard to allow for quick maneuvering of moves (Eugenio, Sheila). In addition, Shaffer states that the playing of games helps kids work with problem-solving skills by requiring a player to search, negotiate, and plan approaches to allow them to advance to a higher level of play (Boulanger, Amy). James Gee an education professor at the University of Wisconsin states that if used properly, video and computer games have the ability to inspire learning. He states that games take numerous hours of intense concentration to comple te levels this builds on attention span. In addition, he states that even children with a diagnosis of ADHD who cannot sit still in a classroom setting can spend numerous hours concentrating on the game at hand. (Sohn, Emily) Where many parents like mine feel that the playing of video games is an isolating activity. However, gaming actually can help students in the area of social and emotional development. I personally have made many friends through gaming. Cheryl K. Olson, a professor of child development from Massachusetts General Hospital conducted a study where she found that the playing of video games creates a common ground for students to make friends (Olson Sc.D., Cheryl). In recent studies, it was found that only 20 percent of gamers play alone. In many games, players work together as a team to achieve a goal, compete against others or both. Due to being on a team with others, this puts them in a situation where they must communicate with each other to complete the level at hand. This in turn, promotes social development, which with good social skills a student is more likely to have a high self-esteem, good peer relationships and achieve in school. In addition, they will also be more likely to have a successful marriage and career (Loo, Kara). In evaluating the emotional benefits of video games lead to the study of emotion regulation. A study in 2011 showed that simple games such as Angry Birds, can improve a players mood, promote relaxation and ward off anxiety (American Psychological Association). In addition to positive emotions that are beneficial to a student playing video games were those of frustration, anger, anxiety, and sadness (Granic, Isabela, et al). Another area where gamers benefit is that of leadership and motivation. When gamers play in groups, they are taking turns leading and following, depending on who has specific skills needed in a particular game. Nick Yee of the Palo Alto Research Center showed through his studies that t eens who gamed in groups online felt they had gained leadership skills such as persuading and motivating others and mediating any disputes among each other (Olson Sc.D., Cheryl). Lastly, gaming has the ability to improve non-cognitive skills for students including patience, discipline, and empathy; these are skills that are not taught in a classroom anywhere. Gamers learn patience and discipline in games by making a choice of not abandoning the game when they are faced with negative performance during play (Marklin, Brittany) Learning to have empathy is extremely important but also difficult. Researchers at UC Berkeley found empathy and compassion are a cornerstone of a happy, meaningful life in addition to building blocks of morality and reduce prejudice and racism (Loo, Kara). Some games allow a player to grapple with sensitive issues in an environment free from social pressure or fear of any consequences. Then when a student is in a similar situation in the real world, they fi nd it easier to figure it out and make excellent choices (Loo, Kara). The act of playing video games is not all bad; gaming has its benefits as it helps students with cognitive, social, emotional and non-cognitive skill development. For those students that are gamers the numerous hours of gaming offers many benefits that are very beneficial not only in school but in life in general. Gaming has been proven to aid in the development of building memory and problem-solving skills; it teaches leadership, motivation, patience, discipline, and empathy. The most important for me and many others is the opportunity to develop socialization skills; which can lead to long-lasting friendships. The best relationship that I have now is the result of numerous hours of playing video games and that is the awesome relationship I have with my older brother whom I game with ofen even though he is in the next room. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Video Games Help Kids In School" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Milgram Study On Obedience - 1731 Words

The Milgram study was considered to be one of the most famous studies, on obedience in the history of psychology. The Milgram study was done by Stanley Milgram a Yale University psychologist, whose study was to focus on two things one being obedience to authority, and a persons personal conscience. The results of the study were remarkable, as according to (McLeod, 2007) 65 percent of two-thirds of the participants or teachers continued administering shocks to the highest voltage level of 450 volts. The rest of the teachers continued to at least 300 volts. Milgram did this experiment in 18 different ways and altered the independent variables in each trail to see how it affects the outcome or dependent variable. Milgram’s experiment was directly influenced by World war 2 and the holocaust, and while Milgram wanted to test how far people would go in obeying instructions even at the risk of hurting someone. Following Milgram’s experiment he came up with two types of theorie s, one being the autonomous state, which says that people tend to direct their own actions, and take responsibility for the results of those actions. The second theory is the agentic state which says that people will allow other’s to direct their actions, and then pass the responsibility for the consequences off on the person who gave them the orders, or in short they act as agents for someone else s will (Milgram, 1974). Milgram’s study set out to prove something and it did just that, it proved that peopleShow MoreRelatedmilgrams study into obedience777 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss two factors that Milgram found effect obedience? Refer to empirical evidence in your answer Milgram’s original study into obedience came under to a lot of scrutiny because of both mythological and ethical problems. This meant that the validity of Milgram’s study was put into question. Following the study were further investigations to see what might change and explain the results that Milgram found, both by Milgram himself and other psychologists. Variations to his study throw up interestingRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early ageRead MoreStanley Milgram s Obedience Study1325 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology 230 Stanley Milgram’s obedience study has become one of the most timeless experiments and is thought of as a work of art. In this experiment, Milgram examined if individuals would take requests from authority figures regardless if they felt that the requests were ethical or not. Milgram chose members for this study by daily paper advertising for male participants to partake in an investigation at Yale University. In World War II, Nazis justified killings by saying that they were simplyRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1313 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiment performed by Stanley Milgram titled â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†. Stanley Milgram conducted his study in June of 1961 at Yale University. Three months prior to the start of the experiment, a former Nazi war criminal named Adolf Eichmann was put on trial for his involvement with the Nazi party. At the time, society questioned whether Eichmann and other war criminals could be held responsible for their crimes or if they were simply following orders. Milgram designed his experiment to shedRead MoreThe Fundamental Attribution Error : The Milgram Obedience Study Performed By Stanley Milgram957 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. Studies show that in most cases socially we want to fit in with a group, don’t want to be different, don’t want to be wrong, and in many instances act different than what our typical personality and values are based on influencing social factors. One of the main factors that often contributes to how we act in certain situations is to obey those in authority positions. The studies provided below are examples of the show how behaviors can change based on social factors. The Milgram ObedienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Behavioral Study Of Obedience 965 Words   |  4 Pagessubmission or obedience.   In Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†, he elaborates on the notion of obedience with accordance to the behaviors of a higher power and his subjects. Milgram’s defines obedience as â€Å"the psychological mechanism that links individual  action  to political  pur-pose.  It  is the dispositional  cement  that  binds men to systems of authority† (371). Milgram’s experiment was conducted with response to the Nazi war trials. Through experimentation, Milgram discovered theRead MoreThe Concentration Camps : Dr. Milgram s Study On Obedience Of Everyday Normal People990 Words   |  4 Pageshe does best to find support for his position from others in his group. The mutual support provided by men for each other is the strongest bulwark we have against the excesses of authority. (Milgram, 1974) In 1963, the Yale psychologist Milgram had performed a very controversial experiment on the obedience of participants towards an authority’s orders. He had discovered that a very small marginal of participants could resist the demands of an authority figure. This experiment was about learningRead MoreOutline the Simalarities and Differences Between Milgrams (1963) Obedience Study and Burgers (2009) Replication1550 Words   |  7 PagesKaren Bullen R2208481 DE 100 Investigating Psychology 1 TMA02 Outline the similarities and differences between Milgrams (1963) obedience study and Burgers (2009) replication. This essay will look at an important key psychological experiment carried out by the renowned social psychologist Stanley Milgram which was carried out in the early 1960’s (Banyard 2012) to determine how far ordinary people would go to inflict pain to a fellow human based on instruction from an authority figure, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesStill, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired by Nazi trials, Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist, questions the social norm in â€Å"Perils of Obedience† (1964), where he conducted a study to test how far the average American was willing to for under the pressures of an authority figure. Milgram s study showed that under the orders of an authoritative figure, 64% of average Americans had the capabilityRead MoreStanley Milgram s Research On Obedience863 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering â€Å"shocks† to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical towards

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Potential Exam Questions free essay sample

A that causes As national supply curve to shift out. (c)the effect on the likely pattern of trade of a change in tastes in B in favor of good S. 3) Given the input-output relationships in the table below: Countries AB Goods X84 Y41 (a)Which country has absolute advantage in which good and why? Which country has comparative advantage in which good and why? (c)If A is endowed with 8000 hours of labor, how much X will it produce after trade begins? How much Y? Explain. (d)What is the allowable range on As wages relative to Bs if trade is flowing between these two countries according to comparative advantage? 4) Compare and contrast the classical and HO theories of international trade. 5) Compare and contrast the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin and classical models about likely trading partners of various countries with the predictions of the Linder hypothesis. Tariffs can never raise a countrys standard of living. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential Exam Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page True or false? Explain carefully. 7) Why do countries impose protection even if it lowers economic welfare? Explain fully. 8) Briefly describe some of the current policies the United States has in place to limit both fairly and unfairly traded goods. 9) Why is NAFTA controversial? Briefly describe both sides of this controversy. 10) What is immizerizing growth? Describe how it could happen and give at least one cited historical example. Suppose an investor has the choice of buying a bond in Germany paying 5% interest in euros or else buying a similar bond in the United States paying 5% interest in U. S. dollars. If the exchange rate today is 0. 87 euros per dollar, what would the exchange rate have to be at the maturity of the bonds for the investor to earn the same return from either bond? 12) Define the official settlements balance. Is there any difference between the United States and other countries in terms of what this balance measures? How does this affect the ability of the countries to run current account deficits? 13) What is pricing to market? Where is it most prevalent? 14) In recent years, country risk analysis has become an important part of international business. What do we mean by country risk? Briefly explain the factors that are involved in a country risk analysis. 15) What policies would you recommend to the U. S. government to lower the balance of trade deficit and decrease net capital inflows?

Friday, April 17, 2020

Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project (Steam-Powered Toy Car) Essay Example

Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project (Steam-Powered Toy Car) Essay Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Introduction This chapter indicates the ideas, also the history, relevant to the experiment to provide information and further elaborate different standpoints that were the foundation of the proposed study, also on the background study of the different methods and concepts used by other researchers that applies to the present study. In order to develop new method and procedures, careful review of literature and studies must be done for the development of the study. The main purpose of this chapter is to identify and review theories on steam engine and to identify the deficiencies of those theories. Related Literature In general usage, the term ‘steam’ is the invisible vapor into which water is converted when it boils. On the contrary, it is the cloud of water droplets formed by the partial condensation of this vapor as it is cooled. [1] Steam is the technical term for ‘water vapor’, the gaseous phase of water. Since it is a vapor, it is logical that the density of steam is much less than that of water because the steam molecules are further apart from one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project (Steam-Powered Toy Car) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project (Steam-Powered Toy Car) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sample of Chapter 2 of an Investigatory Project (Steam-Powered Toy Car) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The space immediately above the water surface thus becomes filled with less dense steam molecules. Water vapor that includes water droplets is described as wet steam. As wet steam is heated further, the droplets evaporate, and at a high enough temperature (which depends on the pressure) all of the water evaporates and the system is in vapor-liquid equilibrium. [2] Steam has many uses. In agriculture, it is used for soil sterilization to avoid the use of harmful chemical agents and increase soil health. The steam is used to sterilize the soil in open fields and/or greenhouses. Pests of plant cultures such as weeds, bacteria, fungi and viruses are killed through induced hot steam which causes their cell structure to physically degenerate. Biologically, the method is considered a partial disinfection. It also has a large contribution of making our lives better at home: for cooking vegetables, steam cleaning of fabric and carpets, and heating buildings. In each case, water is heated in a boiler, and the steam carries the energy to a target object. While about 90% of all electricity is generated using steam as the working fluid, nearly all by steam turbines. 3] In electric generation, steam is typically condensed at the end of its expansion cycle, and returned to the boiler for re-use. However in cogeneration, steam is piped into buildings through a district heating system to provide heat energy after its use in the electric generation cycle. The worlds biggest steam generation system is the New York City steam system which pumps steam into 100,000 buildings i n Manhattan from seven cogeneration plants. [4] In other industrial applications steam is used for energy storage, which is introduced and extracted by heat transfer, usually through pipes. Steam is a capacious reservoir for thermal energy because of waters high heat of vaporization. Steam is also an effective lifting gas, providing approximately 60% as much lift as helium and twice as much as hot air. It is not flammable, unlike hydrogen, and is cheap and abundant, unlike helium. The required heat, however, leads to condensation problems and requires an insulated envelope. There are many examples in which steam is used. It is used for piping in utility lines. It is also used in jacketing and tracing of piping to maintain the uniform temperature in pipelines and vessels. Steam is used in the process of wood bending, killing insects and increasing plasticity. An autoclave, which uses steam under pressure, is used in microbiology laboratories and similar environments for sterilization. Steam is used to accentuate drying especially in prefabricates. It is also used in cleaning of fibers, sometimes prior to painting. Other examples are already mentioned while tackling steam’s uses. Despite of all its uses, steam can also be dangerous. A steam explosion is formed when water comes to contact in contact with a very hot substance (e. . , lava, molten metal). These explosions have been responsible for many foundry accidents. A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are external combustion engines. [5] where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. Water turns to steam in a boiler and reaches a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed, and it is pumped back into the boiler. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. This cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world. (see fig. 1)[6] Some practical steam engines discard the low-pressure steam instead of condensing it for reuse. Fig. 1 The Rankine cycle There are two fundamental components of a steam plant: the boiler or steam generator, and the motor unit, referred to itself as a steam engine. Stationary steam engines in fixed buildings may have the two parts in separate buildings some distance apart. For portable or mobile use, such as steam locomotives, the two are mounted together. Other components are often present; pumps (such as an injector) to supply water to the boiler during operation, condensers to recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporization, and super heaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapor point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox. The heat required for boiling the water and supplying the steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber, firebox). In some cases the heat source is a nuclear reactor or geothermal energy. While boilers are pressure vessels that contain water to be boiled and some kind of mechanism for transferring the heat to the water so as to boil it. A motor unit takes a supply of steam at high pressure and temperature and gives out a supply of steam at lower pressure and temperature, using as much of the difference in steam energy as possible to do mechanical work. A motor unit is often called steam engine in its own right. They will also operate on compressed air or other gas. Steam Engine has its own advantages especially to our present world. The strength of the steam engine for modern purposes is in its ability to convert heat from almost any source into mechanical work, unlike the internal combustion engine. Steam locomotives are especially advantageous at high elevations as they are not adversely affected by the lower atmospheric pressure. This was inadvertently discovered when steam locomotives operated at high altitudes in the mountains of South America were replaced by diesel-electric units of equivalent sea level power. These were quickly replaced by much more powerful locomotives capable of producing sufficient power at high altitude. For road vehicles, steam propulsion has the advantage of having high torque from stationary, removing the need for a clutch and transmission, though start-up time and sufficiently compact packaging remain a problem. Steam Engine’s now applied to many useful things. Very low power engines are used to power models and toys, and specialty applications such as the steam clock. Winding engines, rolling mill engines, steam donkeys (See figure 2) [7], marine engines, and similar applications which need to frequently stop and reverse. Engines providing power, which rarely stop and do not need to reverse. These include engines used in thermal power stations and those that were used in pumping stations, mills, factories and to power cable railways and cable tramways before the widespread use of electric power. Fig. 2 Steam donkey Steam engines have been used to power a wide array of transport appliances. Examples are steamboat, steamship, steam yacht, steam locomotive, fireless locomotive, traction engine, steam tractor, steam wagon, steam bus, steam tricycle, steam car, steam roller, steam shovel, steam tank (tracked), steam tank (wheeled), steam catapult, even steam rocket. The Corliss steam engine, a four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves, was called the most significant advance in the steam engine since James Watt. In addition to using 30% less steam it provided more uniform speed, making is well suited to manufacturing, especially cotton spinning. [8] On another hand, in Ancient Greece when girls were not at school and boys were not working, they played ball games with inflated pig’s bladders. Roman children played with wooden or clay dolls and hoops. Toys changed little through the centuries. In the 16th century children still layed with wooden dolls. Before the 20th century, children had few toys and those they did have were precious. Furthermore, children did not have much time to play. Only a minority went to school but most children were expected to help their parents doing simple jobs around the house or in the fields. Egyptian children played similar games to the ones children play today. They al so played with toys like dolls, toy soldiers, wooden animals, ball, marbles, spinning tops and knucklebones (which were thrown like dice). In the 19th century, middle class girls played with wood or porcelain dolls. They also had doll houses, model shops and skipping ropes. Boys played with toys like marbles and toy soldiers as well as toy trains. (Some toy trains had working engines fuelled by methylated spirits). They also played with toy boats. During World War II most toy factories were turned over to war production. However in the late 20th century with the arrival of an affluent society plastic and metal toys became much cheaper and much more common. Many new toys were invented in the 20th century. A model car or toy is a miniature representation of an automobile. Other miniature motor vehicles such as trucks, buses, or even ATV’s, etc. , are often included in the general category of model cars. Because many were originally sold as playthings, there is no precise difference between a model car and a toy car, yet the collector hobby became popular in the 1960’s and precision detailed miniatures made specifically for adults are an increasing part of the market. Toys as a â€Å"big business† did not begin until after the 1830’s, when steamboats and steam trains improved the transportation and distribution of manufactured goods. Early toymakers used wood, tin, or cast iron to fashion horses, soldiers, wagons, and other simple toys. Miniature models of automobiles first appeared as slush cast plaster or iron toys made in the early decades of the 1900’s. Tin and pressed steel cars, trucks, and military vehicles followed in the 1930’s and 1940’s. Casting vehicles in various alloys, usually zinc (called zamac or mazac), also started during these decades and came on strong particularly after World War II. Post war, the zinc alloy vehicles became ever more popular in Europe in particular. While die-cast metal cars were either large scale collectors type or smaller consumer â€Å"Matchbox† type-toys are made of metal and plastic, the metal used commonly is Zamak (or Mazak), an alloy of zinc and aluminum[9], these were seen in America and they were often simple, while plastics also surged and became prominent. Tin and pressed steel came to Japan, rather late, during the 1950’s and 1960’s, and that country quickly moved into die-cast by the 1970’s. Today, China, and other countries of Southeast Asia are the main producers of die-cast metal European, American, and Japanese companies. 10] Many model cars were not intended either for toys or for collecting. As early as the 1930’s and perhaps earlier, the manufacturers of real automobiles would design and construct scale and full-sized models to plan new products or promote the company. Sometimes styling or concept models were made out of wood or clay. Models could also be precise replicas crafted out of the same materials as the real vehicle. As time went by, some companies even made their own models or toys attracting the next generation to their products. Scale miniatures were actually made for children and for them to have an idea on how to make better miniatures or design, the researcher can make use of plastic, die-cast metal, resin, and even wood. What ever materials are used, the finished product would be a success if a great idea or design was made. By the mid-1960’s, plastic model kits had become more plentiful and varied with increased level of detail. Typically, the kits often had opening hoods, separate engines and detailed suspension parts. The mid-1960’s is generally considered the â€Å"golden age† of plastic model car kits. In addition to building them stock, most annual kits offered â€Å"3-in-1† versions which allowed the builder to assemble the car in stock, custom, or racing form. Interest in model car kits began to wane in the mid-1970’s as a result of builders growing older and moving on to their pursuits. New model specific magazines sprang up, such as Scale Auto Enthusiast, (now simply Scale Auto) and Model Cars Magazine. These magazines spread the word, helped advertisers, and brought modelers together from all across the country. Today, many of the classic models from the golden age of modeling have been reissued. Not only does this allow modelers to build the cars the always wanted (but couldn’t obtain or afford), but it tends to lower the prices of the originals. In some cases, models of cars from the 1950’s and 1960’s have been issued with all-new tooling, which allows for even more detailing made possible with modern kit design and manufacturing methods. Today, model car companies are still in business, fueled by a renewed interest in model car building and collecting. Modelers today can make advantage of modern technology, which includes photo etched details, dhesive chrome foil for chrome trim, wiring for engine, and billet-aluminum parts. Many builders today can take a basic kit and detail it so it resembles a real car, in miniature. The internet has also fueled a growing modeling community through websites, online forums and bulletin boards, and sites that host photographs, allowing the hobby to expand internationally. Related Studies When referring to technology t oday, many people automatically think that the referral is in regards to computers, the Internet and Information Technology. Technology such as steam locomotion, the creation of the printing press and space travel, are all considered major forms of technology that have affected society and culture throughout history. All these technologies have huge impacts on society and culture. In considering the fact that shortly before the steam engine was invented, the favorite mode of travel was horse and buggy. The advantages brought by the steam engine immediately became apparent. Those advantages were not only available to individuals wishing for travel, but the transportation of goods to the marketplace had probably even more impact. Steam engine technology became a very important cog in the societal wheel of progress, moving passengers and cargo quickly and efficiently throughout the world, especially in Europe. Towns near railway stations quickly grew as people and companies wished to be near the easy side. The effect then of steam engine technology was to bring great distances much closer together while at the same time making goods and services more available and less expensive. Though other forms of transportation now overshadow steam locomotion it still has much influence over citizens’ lives. Sometimes the impact can be negative, especially as the railroad grew more aged and brittle. Steam has been used for projects like steam airships. According to Thomas J. Goodey, â€Å"The idea of using steam (H2O in its vapor phase) as LTA lift gas either for a balloon or an airship has been suggested many times. These suggestions all appear to have remained merely theoretical, although several were quite detailed. It appears that no full-scale trials, or even experiments, have ever been performed. Yet the idea of using steam as lift gas is attractive, although there are some obvious difficulties. [11] Obviously the non-rigid steam airship does not have the potential to displace the helium airship in every application. However the researcher thought that it will have its niche. Specifically, the researcher thought that a steam airship would be able to satisfy the demands that hot-air airships try to satisfy but fail. The project though did not succeed. The low cost and the conveni ence in ground handling of a Steam Airship will, in this restricted operational context, more than compensate for its deficiencies. The group of researchers then tried to find another external site where steam is being used to make something work. And we found this project wherein it shows how steam engine is constructed. Quoted from the project, â€Å"From the Research and development perspective, I have done much research on the topic of Flash Steam Engines and have seen applications where flash boilers power live steam engines. But these devices are not flash steam engines. Since the steam does not actually flash in the engines combustion chamber (or cylinder). Instead the steam will flash in the boiler device and reaches the engine as common live steam. Hence there is no real innovation in these devices. And quite frankly a live steam engine leaves much to be desired. In terms of efficiency and operating characteristics, many things may be improved in the way of valve gear. But in the end all you have is a live steam. † [12] The researcher of that project also gave recommendations and gave emphasis to things that should be remembered. Direct Injection is the preferred method used to run these types of engines. The DI valve thats used in the applications features a variable lift mechanism, this is necessary in order to throttle such engines. Initially very high pressure and or supercritical steam/water were injected into the engines. This did in fact work, but is not considered user friendly. High pressures are still used for the injected water, such as 2000psi hydrostatic pressure, derived from a pump, this is needed to maintain high rpm engine speed, the injected water does not contain super-critical energies, but is heated somewhat, such as to 400 °f. [13] Another project said that if wood will be used as the major component, it should be noted that even if a boiler is built, the engine probably wouldnt work well. In the presence of steam the wood would swell and warp causing problems. A simple solution to this problem would be to replace the wood parts with aluminum ones. [14] Over the years, steam locomotives have become a very popular image in representation of trains. Many toy trains based on steam locomotives are made, thereby making the image iconic with trains to children. Steam Engines are still around, and they are in wide use, but most take the form of the steam turbine engine. The steam turbine is responsible for generating about 86% of the electric power used on this planet. That probably is a qualifier for current use. Steam engines, either the piston or turbine type, are used on most big ships, and there are still a few steam locomotives about. [15] As for toy cars, they continue to evolve in many ways, from battery powered, to ones that use renewable energy, such as solar, water. Synthesis In this chapter, it has been discussed on how steam engines work, including the many fundamental methods used. It discussed what steam is and how it became very useful to our society today. It defined steam engine. It is also stated in this chapter different advantage and disadvantages of steam engine, how it is being done and its different applications. It discussed the history of toys, how it emerged from wooden dolls to our present high-technology dolls, toy cars, etc. Lastly, the chapter also summarizes all of the studies and findings of different researchers regarding steam and steam engines. Definition of Terms Aluminum. Aluminium or aluminum (US English) is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earths crust. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earths solid surface. Aluminium metal is too reactive chemically to occur natively. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different minerals. [4] The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Atmospheric pressure. It is the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of air above that surface in Earth’s atmosphere. Boiler. It is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exists the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. Electricity. It is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. Fuel. Is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Heat. In physics and thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. Helium. Helium is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight of 4. 002602, which is represented by the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. It is the second lightest element and is the second most abundant element in the observable universe Internal combustion engine. It is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and pressure gas produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine, such as pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. Locomotive. It is a railway vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. It was first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines. Machine. It manages power to accomplish a task. In common usage, the meaning is that of a device having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work. Methylated spirits. It is a mixture of Ethyl alcohol (95%) and methyl alcohol (5%). The methyl alcohol is poisonous and is added to prevent the methylated spirits being used as cheap drinking alcohol. Miniature. It is a model, copy, or similar representation on a very small scale. Model car. Also referred to as ‘toy car’. It is a miniature representation of an automobile. Pipe. It is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow; liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders, masses of small solids. Piston. It is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas, compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder wall. Pressure. It is an effect that occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Rankine Cycle. It is a cycle that converts heat into work wherein the heat is supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water. This cycle generates about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world, including virtually all solar thermal, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants. It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath. The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine. Steam. It is the technical term for water vapor, the gaseous phase of water, which is formed when water boils. In common language it is often used to refer to the visible mist of water droplets formed as this water vapor condenses in the presence of cooler air. Steam boat. It is also called, steamship or steamer. It is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. Steam donkey. Steam donkey, or donkey engine is the common nickname for a steam-powered winch, or logging engine widely used in past logging operations, though not limited to logging. They were also found in the mining, maritime, and nearly any other industry that needed a powered winch. Steam engine. Is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are typically external combustion engines. Steam Locomotive. It is a locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. The locomotive is usually fueled by a coal, wood, or oil. This fuel is burned to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine. Both fuel and water supplies are carried with the locomotive itself or in wagons pulled behind. Steam turbine engine. It is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884. Toy train. It is a toy that represents a train. A toy train can be as simple as a pull toy that does not even run on track, or it might be operated by clockwork or a battery. Turbine. It is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. Valve. It is a device that regulates, directs, or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Water. It is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Zamak. Is a family of alloys with a base metal of zinc and alloying elements of aluminum, magnesium, and copper. The name zamak is an acronym of the German names for the metals of which the alloys are composed (zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and copper). Notes 1 Noah Webster, â€Å"The New Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language†, Lexicon Publications, Inc. , 2004, ISBN 0-7172-4692-2 2 Singh, R Paul, â€Å"Introduction to Food Engineering. †, 2001 Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-646384-2. 3 Wiser, Wendell H. â€Å"Energy resources: occurrence, production, conversion, use. †, 2000 Birkhauser. p. 190. ISBN 9780387987446. Carl Bevelhymer, Steam, Gotham Gazette, November 10, 2003 5 â€Å"American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth Edition ed. )†. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 6 Wiser, Wendell H. â€Å"Energy resources: occurrence, production, conversion, use. †, 2000 Birkhauser. p. 190. ISBN 9780387987446. 7 December 12, 2011, 1st para graph â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Steam_donkey† 8 Thomson, Ross â€Å"Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Invention in the United Sates 1790-1865†, 2009. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 34. ISBN 13:978-0-8018-9141-0. â€Å"http://www. ehow. com/how_6319749_make-diecast-model-car-kits. html† 10 â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Model_car† 11 â€Å"http://www. flyingkettle. com/index. html† 12 December 15, 2011, 5th paragraph, â€Å"http://www. flashsteam. com/Steam_Engine_Project. htm† 13 December 18, 2011, 1st paragraph, Jeremy W. Holmes, American Corn Burner Co. Miami, FL. USA â€Å"http://www. flashsteam. com/steam_proj3. htm† 14 â€Å"http://www. instructables. com/id/A-Simple-Steam-Engine-Anyone-Can-Build/† 15 December 17, 2011, 1st paragraph, â€Å"http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Are_steam_engines_still_being_used#ixzz1aGnnptps†

Saturday, March 14, 2020

CV Writing Makeover †A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Example

CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Example CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay CV Writing Makeover – A Holy Grail for Older Job Seekers Essay Seeking the right job or availing the right opportunity seems pretty difficult to older job seekers. Our economy is another critical factor behind the difficulties experienced by older individuals. It is a pretty common thing in today’s economy for people at older age to retire from the job they have been doing for a very long time. It is also not unusual to see our senior citizens looking for a second career or job, since they want to keep working even after getting retired. However, competing with the younger job seekers and outperforming them to secure the right job is no easy task at all. How amazing it would be if potential recruiters wouldn’t reject the job applicants only due to their older age. But let’s face the truth here. In our current era, employers prefer younger applicants than older individuals. In other words, in the present era youthfulness usually surpasses experience. Nonetheless, don’t let despair get the best of you as there are some effective ways to outshine the younger generation and get the right employment. First it would be great if you don’t mention your age in your resume/CV. This will allow you to have a better opportunity to get to the interview room. However, if you are in a situation where mentioning your age is necessary then it would be wise to highlight your qualities, skills and experience to overcome the age barrier. Be confident and be proud because you know that you are dependable, trustworthy, hardworking and experienced. You only need to show these qualities to the potential employer to get the job. Believe in yourself if you are sure that you have what it takes to be the best in your field. Apparently, many older job seekers are retired but they still want to keep working. However, during the course of their employment search, they encounter other candidates younger than them. In addition to that they also experience that many potential employers don’t give much response to their job application. This individual treatment brings out anxiety in the older job seekers, thus making their job search experience quite stressful. What must I do to overcome this anxiety and secure a good job? Well, you need a CV makeover to achieve that goal. The most important thing you need to do is to update your old CV. Remember that the main source of your misery is an outdated CV. Therefore, give it a makeover to make it more prominent. Incorporate the latest trends in your application/CV/cover letter. Determine latest necessary technological skills that you lack and need to develop. For instance many employers require computer-literate people who at least know how to use documents and spreadsheets. Work on these skills to ensure your job. Use powerful keywords in your CV to increase its expose on the online job hunt platforms.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Movie review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Movie review - Essay Example car crashing in the start of the movie while she was driving to get her son from the center, I was eagerly looking forward to what kind of a woman she was. However, unfortunately but yet interestingly, I found out how gruff she was when I listened to her â€Å"hello† over the phone call in the car crash scene. She was very non-sexy yet elegant in her own style. Moreover, when she was in the center where she had to take the custody of her son Steve, she was in conversation with the governess or the headmistress whosoever she was. That woman was a normal looking, kind lady. Die also got into harsh conversation with her. I can tell that because she was not talking nicely with her, and her body language showed how irritated she was. However, when she received her son and the two were walking down the street, Die kissed him on the cheek and forehead which showed that she had that kind of a heart that is stereotype of a loving mother. Die showed her fondness toward her son through these gestures no matter how harsh she herself was. Later on, I saw her with her son resting his head on her lap. This was very interesting for me, and I could see a totally different woman inside the embodiment of a strong and sturdy man-ish character. This different woman was a bit kind, gentle, loving and affectionate. Die smiled at that point like a normal, fragile lady. She talked to her son like a good communicative mother. This shows that man is a versatile creature who can act and react in a myriad of ways, depending upon his moods and the circumstances. For me, Die is a strange and creepy character because I am not able to figure out properly in which category of human nature I should fit her in. She is harsh but gentle, non-se xy but fragile, all at the same time. Hence, the mother and her son walking toward their home was the most interesting sequence for me as it helped me reveal different aspects of Die’s nature as a human being and as a mother. Although the whole movie was

Monday, February 10, 2020

Should there be a death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should there be a death penalty - Essay Example He goes to work as Sam’s lawyer so he can be with him through his final appeals. Sam is a very bad man. He has killed several people. He is a terrible racist and was a member of the KKK. Despite all of this, the book does a wonderful job showing us his humanity. Even though he has killed, the irony of the story is the fact that he didn’t kill the girl they are executing him for. This book caused me to view inmates on death row as humans, not just criminals. The scary thing about the book is that even though I feel Sam was a horrible person, I question the rights of the state to take his life. If it really is about protecting society, then let him stay in jail forever. The book also helped me see how there might bee mistakes made along the way that would send an innocent person to the death chamber. It is true that Sam was guilty of many crimes, but not guilty of the crime for which he was executed. I found myself wondering how often this happened in America and other places where criminals are executed. I came away from the book feeling that no one should be executed because the likelihood of making a mistake was too

Thursday, January 30, 2020

The invisible white privilege Essay Example for Free

The invisible white privilege Essay White people, from birth, automatically benefit from their light skin color, enjoying the privileges relating to child care, education, hygiene, careers, politics, etc. Compared to white people, people of color are at a distinct disadvantage. They are treated differently than white people, and they are the ones that suffer, not having this same privilege. In Peggy McIntosh’s article White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, McIntosh describes how whites carry the invisible privilege. In society, white people are treated better than non-white people since segregation, beauty trends, political power, social connections, and street crime seem to be better for them. According to McIntosh, White Privilege is an invisible package of unearned assets granted to white people (McIntosh 1). They can enjoy special advantages that are beyond common advantages of people of color. White privilege is a social constructed phenomenon. Besides physical appearance, there is no biological difference between white people and the non-white people. It is society that distinguishes whites from people of color, and it tends to recognize all races besides those who are white. Living in a society of white dominance, whites are carefully taught to ignore the fact that white privilege puts them at an advantage. This is because, according to McIntosh, deconstruction of white privilege threatens the myths and ideas about this nation, and it challenges the notion of equal opportunity and meritocracy (McIntosh 2). There are many ways that white privilege still exists today. Here are five examples of white privilege I find out in my life. 1. White parents do not have to be worried about their kids being scared at school. I learned from the news that at Delavan-Darien High School, the American Diversity class divides students into whites and non-whites, and tell non-whites students, â€Å"you have been oppressed and you are still being oppressed†. 2. White women represent beauty and lead the trends. Speaking of this, why don’t we take a look at the proportion of white models in the 2013 New York Fashion Week? An official statistic shows that out of the 5,000 styles in last New York Fashion Week, around 80 percent were modeled by white women. Fewer than 1,000 styles were given to women of color (Dries 1). 3. White people occupy Congress. In Congress the total is 87 percent whites, which is divided into 85 percent in the House and 96 percent in the Senate (Portero 3). The voices of politicians of color are often drowned out in the politic sea of white dominance. 4. White people are able to achieve success more easily by using their connections. Because of belonging to the dominant group, white people have more connection than people of color do. Based on this, they are more likely to succeed. 5. Whites do not have to be worried about being shot one day on the street. A well-known example can be the Shooting of Trayvon Martin. Making a run to the store to get some refreshments for his brother and himself, Martin was shot and killed by the neighborhood watch captain George Zimmerman because, according to Zimmerman, â€Å"he was very suspicious. † I think if Martin were a white guy, Zimmerman would not have seen him as a â€Å"real suspicious looking guy†. In society, people regard whites’ lives as morally neutral, normative, and ideal. Whites are elevated above people of color. Although I believe all racial groups are harmed in the long run by racism, white privilege still exists as a daily reality throughout every part of the structure in the United States. Work Cited Dries, Kate. New York Fashion Week Was Chock-Full of White Models. Again. Jezebel. N. p. , 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. McIntosh, Peggy. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Welsey, MA: Wesley College Center for Research on Woman, 1988. Print. Portero, Ashley. Congress Still a White Male Lawyers Domain; Members More Religious Than Most Americans. International Business Times. N. p. , 27 Feb. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Business Essay -- Sociology, Culture, Melting Pot

In the past, the world was parts of continents and continents parts of countries which represent their culture separately. In addition, the communication between different cultures and communities slightly difficult or need so much time. Nowadays, we could imagine something different from the past which we hear terms of new world features like melting pot, globalization, culture, and global perspective. Al-Balabki (1995:570) concludes that, melting pot is a place where immigrants of different ethnicities, cultures or countries come to live together with variety of ideas and races. According to J. Jary (1991) that,†culture is defined as the unique ideas, customs, skills, arts, behavior, appearances and communication of a group of people†. To quote Wikipedia (n.d), â€Å"globalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres†. Moreover, there are many examples for global culture which make all cultures around the world effective. However, I am going to write about internet, English as a global language and business in this essay. Internet is the largest sources of information in these days. It can provide a wide variety of information which anyone needs it. Internet revolution has made a huge change in many aspects in our lives. It becomes a method to know more and more about many different things. It helps the whole world to be small village. Now anyone could speak with another person in minutes or less than that. Moreover, you can communicate with people from different country, culture, lifestyle and geography. It is really amazing system which enriches the global development in most fields. Co... ...Birkat Almouz store. However, business ethics and management structure dive me real experience to deal with managers or customers to reach work performance and customer satisfaction in any work place around the world. In conclusion, globalization has its effects in different fields business, internet, and English language in the whole world. They are important examples which have influential causes and reasons. In my opinion, sometimes they are being positive and sometime being negative. For instance, some examples of global culture being useful just for the first world countries and in the same case being harmful for third world countries. However, globalization solve so much points like wasting time, make the distances between different counties are too small and easier. As a result, every country should modify each globalization example to be fitness.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Educational Philosophies Essay

Education is derived from the Latin word’ Educare’ which means ‘to bring up’ and Latin word ‘Educere’ which means ‘to bring forth’. It was Latin author ‘Varro’ who said ‘Educit Oberix, Educat, Nutrix institut Padagogogus, Docet, Magister’ which means ‘the mid- wife brings forth, and nurse bring up, the tutor trains and the master teaches. Accordingly, Education does not merely mean the acquisition of knowledge or experience but it means the development of habits, attitudes and skills which help a man to lead a full and worthwhile life. Since theorists retrieves it from word ‘Educate’. They say ‘e’ means ‘out of’ and ‘duco’ means ‘to lead’. To educate means ‘to lead forth’ or to extract out of the best in man. Education is an attempt to develop the man. William James has remarked â€Å"Education as an attempt on the part of adult members of the human society to shape the development of the coming generation in accordance with his own ideals of life. (Encyclopedia Britannica Vol. -viii, p. 951) Education is recognized as the mirror of society and educational institutions as society in miniature. Education is a significant and most potent activity to bring about desired changes in the society. Every country develops its own system of education for the promotion and expression of the socio cultural identity and to meet the challenges of time. Education is considered as necessary equipment for the social and political development of the country. Education not only provides knowledge and skills but also inculcate values, training instincts, fostering right attitudes and habits. Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. It is derived from two Greek words i. e. ‘phileo’ (love) and ‘Sophia’ (wisdom), which literally means â€Å"love of wisdom†. Philosophy is a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means. It signifies a natural and necessary urge in human beings to know themselves and the world in which they live and move and have their being. Education and philosophy are related like flower and fragrance, Skelton and flesh and blood, shadow and substance. Educational philosophy provides original ideas regarding all aspect of education and society. Education philosophy helps to preserve the cultural, social, national traditions of country through educational programs. It harmonizes the old and new aspects in education. Education philosophy guides the student through social, cultural and mental complexities, it establish a co-ordination between different branches of the subject of education. All Education activities aims, curriculum, discipline, techniques of instruction and organization helped by educational philosophy. Education develops a sense of discrimination between good and bad. This discrimination based on values, are tested in schools. Values of education are the same as of life. These educational values are individual as well as social. True value orientation cherished values into:- Satya Dharma Prem Shanti Ahimsa In Vedas, there are four personal values- Dharma Artha Kam Moksha Besides these there are three impersonal values are- Truth Goodness Beauty (Satyam)(Shivam) (Sundram) India has produced many great men and earnest seekers of Truth. They developed many noble educational ideas and contributed to educational ideas and practices. True education is the acquisition of knowledge followed by action. Tagore (1861-1941) , the writer of famous hymn ‘Jana Gana Mana ‘ which is our National Anthem ,is popularly known as Gurudev, the respected teacher. His various educational experiments – The Bholpur school, The Institute of Rural Construction, Shiksha Satra and Vishwa Bharti represent all crystallize his various aims and objects of education, on which the foundation of super structure has been built. He made unique contribution in the renaissance of modern India and achievements in field of literature, philosophy art and education. â€Å"The fundamental purpose of education is not merely to enrich ourselves through the fullness of knowledge, but also to establish the bond of love and friendship between man and man. R. N. Tagore Educational philosophy of Rabindra Nath Tagore Tagore realized that education system of India suffered from the loss of contact with the environment and education. He made unique contribution in the renaissance of modern India and achievements in the field of literature, philosophy, art and education. He tried to make educational experiments and innovations on the basis of intellectual, moral and s piritual values of ancient India and worked for an understanding between Eastern and western culture. Tagore was a poet and a Saint too; who had through his imagination and insight realized the universal soul in him and in nature. He believed that this realization was the goal of education. Because the universal soul is the root of our soul; man’s aim in life is to reach that universal soul of which all human beings are parts. Principle of self – education based on self- realization, and the process of self realization is as permanent as that of education. Education must make individuals to have faith in self and in the universal self, underlying his own individual soul is most important. Education in its aim must have, Integrated Development, Moral Development, Physical fitness, Harmony with environment, National and International understanding, Earning livelihood and multifaceted aims. He believed in dynamic and activity methods of teaching by emphasizing aesthetic subjects like dancing, music, art, dramatization an one hand and socially useful productive works like book binding, gardening and other crafts. He had liberal and progressive outlook and he strongly advocated woman education. In this way R. N. Tagore has contributed in education for human re-generation, to prevent defects. Mahatma Gandhi (1869 to1948) is considered as supreme practical philosopher who believed not in theorizing education but in putting into action. He was a revolutionary educational thinker of modern India. Like Socrates, Rousseau, Tolstoy, he made a remarkable contribution to education in India. Gandhi ji may be ranked as one of the most prominent educators of the world has ever known. He is regarded as a practical philosopher and experimenter on education to the core. Whole of his life was spent in experimentation with truth. His educational philosophy has been rightly considered as dynamic side of his philosophy of life. His contribution for ‘Nai- Talim’ is an instrument for realizing his ideals of life. The Wardha Scheme prepared under the direction of Mahatma Gandhi attempts to replace the traditional system by dynamic and human system which helps to bring into existence a new era of planning and co-operation of India. According to Gandhi ji, education is an activity, which is necessary not only for social progress, but also for the moral, political and economic development. Basic education considered as an effort to make knowledge easier. Educational Philosophies of Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi emphasized Aims and Ideals of education as drawing out the best in child and man, body, mind and spirit, Livelihood, character formation, cultural development, Self reliance, and complete living aim. He wanted to bring about a silent revolution, through a balanced curriculum. He introduced craft as an essential part of curriculum and methods like Learning by doing, Project method, Co-operation, Learning through craft. Gandhi ji stressed upon Satyagraha ,True national education, National Higher Education ,National institutions ,Salt Satyagraha ,The spinning wheel message, Self supporting education ,Nayee Tailem, Education through Crafts, Basic education ,Intellectual development ,Manual labour, Nursery education ,Primary education, Secondary education, Rural education, Woman Education, Co-Education, Education for different sections of the society, Education centers of learning. He was in favour of taking a lesson from the west and save souls by turning the face against consumer society with its ever-proliferating needs and vulgar competition. He said that in the true democracy of India, the unit is the village. His message was above all freedom of individual. Comparison of Educational philosophies of R. N. Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi Both R. N Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi regarded as master of the man kind and the great teachers of the human society. Their educational thoughts are relevant to the life, needs and aspirations of the ever growing Indian society. They believed in the total development of personality through education and holds that education does not mean literacy alone but the literacy of personality. Rabindra Nath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi all felt that a sound theory of education with spiritual basis could not raise the consciousness of the individual and enable them to see objects in the external world clearly. Lack of spiritual will plug the world into chaos and disorder. The fundamental difference in their attitude to life gets reflected in Educational Writings of Gandhi and Tagore. If Tagore’s artistic bent of mind prompted him to conceive the leisure time as core of meaningful life, Gandhi’s value of manual labour made him emphasize work as fruitful way of harnessing energies. Aims of education determined the prevailing philosophy and always change with the change in philosophy of life. The entire education process is meaningless without aims. Philosophy is the best guide for formulating aims. Tagore and Gandhi believed in the vocational efficiency as one of the aims of education. Gandhi emphasized the craft centered education. He felt that true education is calls for a proper exercise and training of the body organs and mental faculty. They also held that such training of mind and body will take the child a long way in awakening their soul. The Important aim of Gandhian education is spiritual development may be called the ultimate goal of education. Tagore was very much concerned with poor health of students in India. Therefore he gave a great importance to improvement of health. He holds that various powers of the child should be properly attained to bring about a harmonious development of personality. Tagore established ‘Shantiniketan’ with the motive of spiritual culture. Both laid great stress on moral and spiritual development for maintenance of personality and preparation for life and self realization. They believed that service to man is service to God. Like Idealists, they advocated the spiritual aim of education. According to Gandhi ji, the chief aim of education should be character formation, as it was the chief aim of education in Vedic and Brahamnic period. Tagore and Gandhi considered that culture is the development or improvement of mind. Curriculum is used as synonyms for courses of study. The curriculum should be reformulated in a way to realize the aims and values. Tagore and Gandhi believed that the subject provide there in must touch all aspects of the child’s life. Tagore did not make any rigid, hard and fast scheme of subjects for this purpose. Gandhi ji emphasized the traditional subjects like History, Geography, Science, and Literature along with new subjects like drawing, dramatics, excursion, music and dancing which was also supported by Tagore later on. Science was being taught in various classes at ‘Shantiniketan’ with well equipped library. Their curriculum was activity based and experience based. Both of them introduced many crafts in their educational institutions. Both advised religious education. Tagore like a staunch idealist says that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still learning himself. Teacher should understand the relationship between their subjects and human life. Gandhi ji insist that teacher must possess the virtue that he wants to inculcate in the students. Tagore emphasized association of teacher with their student should be a fine training in the fundamental virtues. Both found that boys more imbibe from teachers. So the teach should try to establish heart to heart contact with students. Both of them criticized the bookish and examination oriented teaching and stressed various learning, constructive and creative activities. They introduced many crafts. No rigid methods were prevalent. Tagore insisted that during crafts teaching, stress should be laid on principal of cooperative activity, planning, accuracy and individual responsibility in learning. Gandhi ji also believed in dynamic and activity methods of teaching. Both of them consider educational institutions as an open house, in which students and teachers are at one. Tagore never liked to say ‘Don’t do this’. They boys were encouraged to manage their affairs in their own way. Gandhi ji believed that freedom comes from discipline. Discipline and freedom must co-relate. Freedom has become an important and integral part of subjects like drawing, dramatics, excursion, music, and dancing. But self imposed discipline should be there. Teacher should take a check of all activities of students. In their educational institutions mother tongue has been used ‘as a medium of instruction in their experimental schools. Mother tongue was an instrument for the expression. Both of them called for great courage, foresight and love for mother tongue. Tagore and Gandhi both strongly advocated woman education. Tagore had a liberal and progressive outlook towards women education. Gandhi ji wanted to provide such education to woman as coincided their particular attitude and life demands. He regarded woman as the noblest creation of God. Both of them tried for social reforms and built the image of woman in her perspective. They stressed woman education to teach the whole family and expressed their views that the greatest hope is in woman. Tagore and Gandhi were in favor of co-education. Tagore started school for boys, but in his ‘Vishwa Bharti’, all boys and girls in all standards studied in the same class. Gandhi ji advised that co-education should be adopted with open mind. Boys and girls should be educated in same class up to 14 years together for better understanding in life. They treated boys and girls on equal footing by giving them full freedom to select the subjects of their own choices in different classes. Tagore and Gandhi did not make any distinction in different sections of society on the basis of caste, creed, colour or sex in their schemes of education. Though Tagore stated school for boys but he was not against woman education. In their educational institutions, boys and girls could select same subjects of their own choice, which included learning by doing. Vishwa Bharti’ means world culture, where East and West culture would meet at one place. ‘Shantiniketan –The Abode of peace’ imparted education in the lap of natural surroundings. It became International University with freedom, love, peace and sympathy. In Gandhi’s Sabarmati ashram, education has been provided to all people, irrespective of caste, colour creed or sex. All these educational institutions established a relationship between East and West, to promote intercultural and inter-society amity and understanding and fulfill the highest mission of the present age-the unification of mankind. Both of them deserve credits for having retrieved the ancient Indian ideals and values of education in the modern times even under the foreign regime. They are known as apostle of international brotherhood, modern humanism and natural libertarianism. Tagore’s Vishwa-Bharti and Gandhi’s Sabarmati Ashram wanted to achieve National and international understanding by opening its doors for all persons of the world. In these institutions, cultures of different regions could be presented in such a way to be accessible to all nations, to find a practical interest in the cultural synthesis and to promote international understanding and co operation in world’s history. It may be true that those who have dealt with the subject so far emphasized more on similarities between the two than on their differences. Gandhi, however, was a quite radical in this respect. He was categorical in his opposition to English as medium or as a compulsory subject. Tagore wrote more than 100 pieces on education. Besides, there are other writings where reflections on education may also be found. His wrings may be classified into three groups. He was in favors of introducing mother tongue as a medium up to the highest level of Education. Both advised not to prescribe too many books for a child in schools. In his book â€Å"Shiksher Swangikaran’ Tagore said, â€Å"In Education mother tongue is like the breast milk. † Tagore advised to introduce English after a child became somewhat proficient in mother tongue. Tagore himself was introduced to English when he was 12 years old and had already made good progress in Bengali. Tagore wanted to learn from the west the knowledge of modern science and technology while enriching the west with spiritual wisdom and sacrificial attitude of the east. Gandhi perhaps was the only Indian leader who apprehended the eventuality of a course on which we would not have any control. Tagore also wanted the emancipation of villages and to rouse the villagers with ‘Atamsakti’. In fact, he gave much importance to constructive work and village welfare and emphasized self-confidence and self sufficiency. To my mind, cult of play and adventure was an important component of Tagore’s concept of education while Gandhi adheres to the cult of productive work. Tagore wanted to turn work into play with Gandhi found the spirit of work. Tagore, true to his temperament, extolled the culture of leisure while Gandhi, true to its nature upheld the culture of work.